| Verb tenses |
- Tense
review
- Past
simple and past participles (fall / fell / fallen)
- Past
simple vs. past continuous (tried vs. was trying)
- Present
perfect simple vs. present perfect continuous (have collected
vs. have been collecting)
|
| Future |
- Ways
of talking about the future (is to be / will be / is going
to be / is being) Sample
|
| Modality |
- Modal
verb review Sample
- Ability
(can / could / be able / be capable / enable, etc.)
- Hypothesis
(1) (would have needed)
- Hypothesis
(2) (I wish I was)
- Necessity
(need to be / should be / be required to be)
- Obligation,
prohibition and permission ( (must / have to / be allowed / be required
/ be permitted, etc.)
- Probability
(1) (may / might / could / must / should / could well be
/ may just be)
- Probability
(2) (be likely / may / might / could / be certain / chances
of / probability of)
|
| Functions and notions |
- Appearance
and impression (look as if / sound as though)
- Cause
and result (lead to / due to / result in)
- Cause
and result: non-finite clauses (having tried various methods)
- Characteristic
behaviour (tend to / be in the habit of, etc.)
- Coercion
(make him do it)
- Comparing
(1) (harder than / not as easy as)
- Comparing
(2) (more vs. much)
- Comparing
(3) (by far the healthier / isn't quite as good as)
- Comparing
(4) (the
bigger the better)
- Criticising
(forever mucking about / always getting into trouble, etc.)
- Deductions
(apparently / it seems / it appears, etc.)
- Frustrated
plans (was meant to be)
- Habitual
behaviour (will arrive home late)
- Purpose
(to / in order to / so that)
- Similarity
(like / as)
- Surprise
(is shocking to think)
- Trends
(rise steadily)
|
| Reporting |
- Reported
thoughts (she thought she had travelled)
- Reporting
verbs (complain / report / admit / deny / explain)
- Reported
clauses (scientists warn that)
|
| Verbs |
- Delexical
verbs (have an argument / make a decision)
- Past
participles (a found photo)
- Past
participle clauses (set in London)
- Present
participle clauses (musicians performing the Quartet)
- Past
and present participles (best-selling / written in the
'60s / writing songs)
- -ing form (1) (laughing is good)
- -ing form (2) (the man wearing the sweater)
- Phrasal
verbs: relationships (get on with)
- Uses
of had (had / had to / had left, etc.)
|
| Adverbs |
- Adverb
position (always used to go)
- Adverbs
(well / fast / hard / hardly, etc.)
- Yet
(direct yet humorous)
|
| Prepositions |
- Preposition
review (knocked to the ground in a mad dash)
|
| Pronouns |
- Indefinite
pronouns (anyone / no one / everyone, etc.)
|
| Syntax |
- Adjective
order (tall old man)
- Conditionals
(if I had the money)
- Indirect
questions (didn't know where)
- Inversion
(not only does he)
- Negation (1) (there was no reply)
- Negation (2) (no / not / nor / none)
- Negation (3) (we hardly know him)
- Packing
information into sentences (ancestral women of this particular
tribe)
- Passive
review (was stolen)
- Reciprocal
verbs (debate with each other)
- Verb
patterns: verb + noun + noun (name him Andrew)
- Verb
patterns: verb + noun + infinitive with to (help
him to speak)
- Verb
patterns: bother (it bothers me to see)
- Verb
patterns: verb + -ing (recommend keeping)
- Verb
patterns: verb + noun + infinitive without to (make
me laugh)
- Verb
patterns: verb + with + noun + about + noun
(agree with Joe about politics)
|
| Cohesion |
- Ellipsis (quite a few are writers)
- Substitution (another one writes comedies)
- Clause substitution (I don't think so)
- Emphasis
(they do have experience)
- Linking
events (when / finally / after that / followed by, etc.)
- Nominalisation
(quality is not sacrificed / there is no sacrifice of quality)
|
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