Cause and result

lead to / due to / result in

Cause and result

Look at these sentences from a blog about doping in sport.

  • Taking performance-enhancing drugs results in serious health problems and leads to a greatly-reduced life expectancy.
  • Smoking and drinking cause long-term health problems, too.
  • The problem of doping is caused by the pressure on athletes to win.

Lead to, result in, cause and be caused by are all used to talk about the cause or result of an action or situation.

  • A leads to B.
  • A results in B.
  • A causes B.
  • B is caused by A.

 

1. Expressing causes and results.

Type in the missing words to complete the sentences.

Cause and result

Because, because of, since and due to are used to give the reason for an action or situation.

  • He was disqualified because he failed a drugs test.
  • Because he failed a drugs test, he was disqualified.

Because and since are followed by a subject + verb.

  • He was disqualified because / since he failed a drugs test.

Because of and due to are followed by a noun or -ing form.

  • He was disqualified because of / due to a failed drugs test.
  • He was disqualified because of / due to failing a drugs test.

 

2. Giving reasons.

Choose the correct option to complete these sentences.

3. Giving reasons.

Decide if the sentences are correct or incorrect.

4. Writing.

Rewrite these sentences to make new sentences that are similar in meaning. Use the word(s) in bold.

For example:

Her injury was caused by an accident.
(due to)
Her injury was due to an accident.

 

For more information about cause and result see the Grammar Reference.