Education systems
In many countries there are the parallel systems of public (or state) and private education up to the end of secondary level. Both coed and single-sex schools exist in most parts of the world. State schools are generally free, whereas private schools charge tuition fees. In some countries, university and higher education are subsidised or operate using a system of grants or loans which students must repay after they have completed their studies and begin to earn.
In some countries, students take a year off between secondary and tertiary education. This is seen as a time to gain work and life experience or to travel, and sometimes serves to help students make the right career choice before embarking on further studies.
University entrance exams are generally the norm, where students are assessed on their academic ability, problem-solving skills, and knowledge of specific subject areas. Obviously, these exams are strictly supervised to avoid cheating or other types of deception.
Not all students complete their chosen course of study, however, and either change to a different discipline or drop out to join the workforce. Those who do complete their studies graduate, receive their degree or diploma, and hopefully get to put what they have learnt into practice. Others may continue studying a postgraduate degree and then move into research or university teaching.